Howto build, compile and install latest Python 3.11, 3.10, 3.9, 3.8, 3.7 on Linux CentOS 7, 8, 9

Do you want to install latest Python 3.10.5 (resp. 3.9.13, 3.8.13 or 3.7.13) on Linux CentOS 7, 8 or 9 and don’t want to break up the shipped Python?

You are on the right place. 

I have for you a short tutorial on how to build, compile and install Python 3.11, 3.10, 3.9, 3.8 or 3.7 on Linux CentOS 7 , 8 or 9 and run it without destroying the shipped Python in Centos.

What we are going to solve

• update your CentOS box and install needed developer libraries and tools
• download and unpack latest Python source code
• compile Python source code
• install Python source code and do some post-install stuff for easy using in Bash command line
• check of created Python binaries
• create and test the Python virtual environment

At the time of writing this post Python 3.10.5 (resp. 3.9.13, 3.8.13 or 3.7.13) is the most current stable version of the language and the most used version CentOS is 8, the newest one is version 9. CentOS 8 is shipped with Python 3.6 and CentOS 9 is shipped with Python 3.8.

Prerequisites

You will need functional Linux CentOS 7, 8 or 9 machine,  an access to the root account and of course an internet connection.
All the steps you can perform as an non-root user but with a support of the  sudo command.

Step 1 – prepare CentOS for Python compilation

It is a good idea to have up-to-date OS system before you start doing anything else. Let’s update your CentOS with the  yum command.

sudo yum -y update

You also need some necessary libraries and developer tools to allow you to build and compile software from source code. I chose the minimal amount of packages those are included in CentOS as well. To install them use again   yum  command .

sudo yum -y install wget yum-utils gcc openssl-devel bzip2-devel libffi-devel

Step 2 – download and unpack Python source code

We download the a source code of latest Python from the official Python page https://www.python.org/ftp/python/ and extract Python-3.10.5.tgz to the  /tmp directory.

To do that perform this set of bash commands.

cd /tmp/
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.5/Python-3.10.5.tgz
tar xzf Python-3.10.5.tgz
cd Python-3.10.5

Step 3 – compile Python source code into binaries

At the moment we have everything ready for compiling the actual Python source code.

We are going to use the switch --prefix=/opt/python310 to set the root directory for all Python binaries and libraries. Of course, you can choose a folder according to your needs.  For better performance we are going to use a switch --enable-optimizations  for enabling PGO (profile guided optimisation) and so yielding an extra speed boost of Python binaries around 5-10%.

The command  make -j `nproc`  will ensure using of all fo your CPU cores and will decrease a compile-time and the command make altinstall  is critical because of preserving the default shipped Python binary  /usr/bin/python .

Now you have two options how to compile Python – with the static libraries or shared libraries. If you don’t know which way to take then use the option a).

Depending on a number of cpu cores, the compilation will take a few minutes.

a) compile Python source with STATIC libraries – almost in all of your cases or if you don´t know, use this option

sudo ./configure --prefix=/opt/python310 --enable-optimizations --with-system-ffi --with-computed-gotos --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions
sudo make -j "$(nproc)"
sudo make altinstall

b) compile Python source with SHARED libraries  – you should know why you want this option otherwise use option a).

sudo ./configure --prefix=/opt/python310 --enable-optimizations --with-system-ffi --with-computed-gotos --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions --enable-shared LDFLAGS=\"-Wl,-rpath /usr/local/lib\"
sudo make -j "$(nproc)"
sudo make altinstall
ldconfig

We already won’t need Python source code tarball so let’s delete it.

sudo rm /tmp/Python-3.10.5.tgz

Step 4 – make post-install stuff

We are going to make some symbolic links that are expected to exist for convenient Python usage.

sudo ln -s /opt/python310/bin/python3.10 /opt/python310/bin/python3
sudo ln -s /opt/python310/bin/python3.10 /usr/bin/python310
sudo ln -s /opt/python310/bin/python3.10 /opt/python310/bin/python
sudo ln -s /opt/python310/bin/python3.10-config /opt/python310/bin/python-config
sudo ln -s /opt/python310/bin/pydoc3.10 /opt/python310/bin/pydoc
sudo ln -s /opt/python310/bin/idle3.10 /opt/python310/bin/idle

We are also  going to  add some symbolic links for the  pip binary.

sudo ln -s /opt/python310/bin/pip3.10 /opt/python310/bin/pip3
sudo ln -s /opt/python310/bin/pip3.10 /opt/python310/bin/pip

Step 5 – checking Python binaries

After installation you will find the Python interpreter at the location  /opt/python310/bin/.

Let’s  do some tests of Python binaries by typing:

/opt/python310/bin/pip -V
>>> pip 20.0.4 from /opt/python310/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip (python 3.10.5)

/opt/python310/bin/python -V
>>> Python 3.10.5

which python310
>>> /usr/bin/python310

/usr/bin/python310 -V
>>> Python 3.10.5

/opt/python310/bin/python3.10-config --prefix
>>> /opt/python310

# test out shipped Python 2.x whether it still ok
/usr/bin/python -V
>>> Python 2.7.5

Step 6 – setting up the Python virtual environment (venv)

Nowadays Python virtual environment is a great tool and almost necessary for every Python project. It enables you to have more isolated Python spaces on one Linux box. Python project have its own set of dependencies and modules.

You can set up as many Python programming environments as you want.  Each of them is basically a directory that includes a few scripts and binaries, e.g. python  or  pip .

So let’s create the one.

sudo /opt/python310/bin/python -m venv /home/hanz/mydjango.cz/env

ls -l /home/hanz/mydjango.eu/env
>>> total 16
>>> drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov  3 18:30 bin
>>> drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov  3 18:30 include
>>> drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Nov  3 18:30 lib
>>> lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    3 Nov  3 18:30 lib64 -> lib
>>> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   78 Nov  3 18:30 pyvenv.cfg

Now that we have the environment created and next, we have to activate that with a command  source /home/hanz/mydjango.cz/env/bin/activate We will again check Python binaries and run a small inline program “Hello, World!”. The command  deactivate  will disable the Python environment and will set back the shipped Python into our Linux machine.

source /home/hanz/mydjango.cz/env/bin/activate
>>> (env) [hanz@mydjango_cz /]#

(env) [hanz@mydjango_cz /]# pip -V
>>> pip 20.0.4 from /home/mydjango.cz/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip (python 3.10.5)
>>> (env) [hanz@mydjango_cz /]#

(env) [hanz@mydjango_cz /]# python -c 'print("Hello, World!")'
>>> (env) [hanz@mydjango_cz /]# Hello, World!

(env) [hanz@mydjango_cz /]# deactivate
>>> [hanz@mydjango_cz /]#

Conclusion

Congratulations!
At this point, you have installed the latest Python 3.10.5, Python 3.9.13, Python 3.8.13 or Python 3.7.13 on your local CentOS machine and for example, you can start coding any project with my favourite web framework Django.  Check out my tutorial for setting up a Django runtime environment build on Nginx web server and uWSGI Python gateway.

I hope this guide will help you and if you have some tips for improvements or found a mistake, let me know.

Enjoy!
Hanz

COPY & PASTE cheatsheet – for installing latest Python 3.11, 3.10, 3.9, 3.8 or 3.7 on Linux CentOS 7, 8, 9

Just choose your desired version of Python, copy and paste into your Linux Bash command line and have a cup of coffee.  All is going to be finished in a few minutes.

cd /tmp/;
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.5/Python-3.10.5.tgz;
tar xzf Python-3.10.5;

cd Python-3.10.5;
sudo ./configure --prefix=/opt/python310 --enable-optimizations --with-system-ffi --with-computed-gotos --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions;
sudo make -j $(nproc);
sudo make altinstall;

sudo rm /tmp/Python-3.10.5.tgz;

# add symbolic links
sudo ln -s /opt/python310/bin/python3.10 /opt/python310/bin/python3;
sudo ln -s /opt/python310/bin/python3.10 /opt/python310/bin/python;
sudo ln -s /opt/python310/bin/python3.10-config /opt/python310/bin/python-config;
sudo ln -s /opt/python310/bin/pydoc3.10 /opt/python310/bin/pydoc;
sudo ln -s /opt/python310/bin/idle3.10 /opt/python310/bin/idle;
sudo ln -s /opt/python310/bin/python3.10 /usr/bin/python310;
sudo ln -s /opt/python310/bin/pip3.10 /opt/python310/bin/pip3;
sudo ln -s /opt/python310/bin/pip3.10 /opt/python310/bin/pip;

Installing Python 3.9.13 to the directory /opt/python39

cd /tmp/;
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.13/Python-3.9.13.tgz;
tar xzf Python-3.9.13.tgz;

cd Python-3.9.13;
sudo ./configure --prefix=/opt/python39 --enable-optimizations --with-system-ffi --with-computed-gotos --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions;
sudo make -j $(nproc);
sudo make altinstall;

sudo rm /tmp/Python-3.9.13.tgz;

# add symbolic links
sudo ln -s /opt/python39/bin/python3.9 /opt/python39/bin/python3;
sudo ln -s /opt/python39/bin/python3.9 /opt/python39/bin/python;
sudo ln -s /opt/python39/bin/python3.9-config /opt/python39/bin/python-config;
sudo ln -s /opt/python39/bin/pydoc3.9 /opt/python39/bin/pydoc;
sudo ln -s /opt/python39/bin/idle3.9 /opt/python39/bin/idle;
sudo ln -s /opt/python39/bin/python3.9 /usr/bin/python39;
sudo ln -s /opt/python39/bin/pip3.9 /opt/python39/bin/pip3;
sudo ln -s /opt/python39/bin/pip3.9 /opt/python39/bin/pip;

Installing Python 3.8.13 to the directory /opt/python38

cd /tmp/;
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.13/Python-3.8.13.tgz;
tar xzf Python-3.8.13.tgz;

cd Python-3.8.13;
sudo ./configure --prefix=/opt/python38 --enable-optimizations --with-system-ffi --with-computed-gotos --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions;
sudo make -j $(nproc);
sudo make altinstall;

sudo rm /tmp/Python-3.8.13.tgz;

# add symbolic links
sudo ln -s /opt/python38/bin/python3.8 /opt/python38/bin/python3;
sudo ln -s /opt/python38/bin/python3.8 /opt/python38/bin/python;
sudo ln -s /opt/python38/bin/python3.8-config /opt/python38/bin/python-config;
sudo ln -s /opt/python38/bin/pydoc3.8 /opt/python38/bin/pydoc;
sudo ln -s /opt/python38/bin/idle3.8 /opt/python38/bin/idle;
sudo ln -s /opt/python38/bin/python3.8 /usr/bin/python38;
sudo ln -s /opt/python38/bin/pip3.8 /opt/python38/bin/pip3;
sudo ln -s /opt/python38/bin/pip3.8 /opt/python38/bin/pip;

Installing Python 3.7.13 to the directory /opt/python37

cd /tmp/;
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.13/Python-3.7.13.tgz;
tar xzf Python-3.7.13.tgz;

cd Python-3.7.13;
sudo ./configure --prefix=/opt/python37 --enable-optimizations --with-system-ffi --with-computed-gotos --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions;
sudo make -j $(nproc);
sudo make altinstall;

sudo rm /tmp/Python-3.7.13.tgz;

# add symbolic links
sudo ln -s /opt/python37/bin/python3.7 /opt/python37/bin/python3;
sudo ln -s /opt/python37/bin/python3.7 /opt/python37/bin/python;
sudo ln -s /opt/python37/bin/python3.7-config /opt/python37/bin/python-config;
sudo ln -s /opt/python37/bin/pydoc3.7 /opt/python37/bin/pydoc;
sudo ln -s /opt/python37/bin/idle3.7 /opt/python37/bin/idle;
sudo ln -s /opt/python37/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python37;
sudo ln -s /opt/python37/bin/pip3.7 /opt/python37/bin/pip3;
sudo ln -s /opt/python37/bin/pip3.7 /opt/python37/bin/pip;